2 plastic additives linked to 600,000 annual deaths globally

A comprehensive review drawing on over 1,700 studies has linked a common bisphenol and phthalate to millions of cases of heart disease and thousands of strokes.  

By estimating exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in regions home to around one-third of the global population, it estimated that these plastic additives contributed to 600,000 deaths. 

Maternal exposure to an aromatic brominated flame retardant (ABFR), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), was also estimated to have eliminated 11.7mn IQ points.  

According to the review, the combined cost of the ill-health caused by BPA, DEHP, and PBDEs amounted to $1.5 trillion in 2015 purchasing power parity dollars.  

This figure encompasses healthcare costs, productivity losses, and the broader societal impacts of reduced cognitive function. 

What are BPA, DEHP and PBDEs? 

BPA is a synthetic compound widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, commonly found in food and beverage containers. It has been connected with cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disruption, and metabolic disorders. 

A type of phthalate, DEHP is a plasticizer prevalent in food packaging, medical devices, and children's toys, associated with all-cause mortality (for those aged 55-64), liver and kidney disfunction, endocrine disruption, and developmental disorders. 

PBDEs are a class of flame retardants incorporated into household items like furniture, textiles, and electronic devices. It is considered a neurotoxin, endocrine disruptor and potential carcinogen. 

Is new regulation for brominated fire retardants imminent? 

The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has flagged aromatic brominated flame retardants (ABFRs) as a particular concern.  

The ECHA has recommended a group approach to regulating ABFRs, mirroring the EU's strategy for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).  

From the Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), Sandra Jen told EuroNews that: “HEAL calls on the European Commission to swiftly follow up on ECHA’s findings by advancing restrictions on ABFRs and ensuring a toxic-free environment that safeguards public health.” 

The International Bromine Council, which represents flame retardant manufacturers, argues that "modern generation ABFRs are thoroughly researched" and meet stringent safety standards – standards which critics note fail to account for long-term environmental and health impacts.