Desalination
Desalination is the process of removing salt and impurities from seawater or brackish water to produce freshwater. It's a vital technology for water-scarce regions, achieved through distillation or reverse osmosis methods. Distillation involves heating seawater to create steam, leaving behind salt and impurities as freshwater condenses. Reverse osmosis pushes seawater through a semipermeable membrane, allowing water molecules to pass while blocking salts. Desalinated water is suitable for drinking, irrigation, and industrial use. However, desalination can be energy-intensive and has environmental concerns regarding concentrated brine disposal. Despite these challenges, it's crucial for addressing water scarcity, especially in areas with limited freshwater sources.
Digital Edition
IET 34.2 March 2024
April 2024
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