Water/wastewater
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When it comes to permanent water pipe network monitoring, there are a number of established methods. Pressure or flow-based measuring techniques are the preferred methods of the day, even though there are various other methods based on alternative operating principles. The two conventional methods have one thing in common: it is time-consuming and therefore very costly to set up the measuring points. As a rule, it is necessary to build a shaft to install a water meter in a measuring area or a pressure measuring point in the pipe network. For this reason such measuring points are usually only found in select locations, and the zones monitored by them often comprise many kilometres of main pipeline.
IET 36.2 Mar/Apr 2026