Water/wastewater
Published over 18 years ago. See the latest and most current information on Water/wastewater.
‘To assess the possibility of exposure to contaminants that may not be detected by chemical monitoring, direct toxicity assessments should be considered as additional parameters for an adequate estimation of the water chemical status’. This abstract from the EU Water Framework Directive advocates the use of bioassays for the assessment of toxicity in waters and wastewaters for the simple reason that chemical analysis does not and cannot give direct information on their toxic content..
IET 36.2 Mar/Apr 2026
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